Gum disease, or periodontitis, refers to inflammation and an infection that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth. This occurs when the bacteria in plaque (a sticky film that forms on teeth) produce substances that inflame and irritate the gums. If this situation persists, the gums can move away from the teeth, forming pockets full of bacteria that further infect the periodontal tissue.
Gum disease has two main presentations: gingivitis and periodontitis. While gingivitis is a mild gum infection, periodontitis is an advanced and more damaging version. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, leading to more serious damage and possible tooth loss.
Risk Factor Inadequate oral hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly increases your risk. – Smoking: It is one of the main factors in the development of gum disease. – Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, puberty and menopause can make gums more sensitive. – Systemic diseases: Diabetes, heart disease, and cancer can increase the likelihood of gingival inflammation. – Medicines: Some reduce salivary flow, decreasing natural protection against bacteria.