Is Oral Health Affected by Lung Cancer Stages?

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Every year on August 1st, World Lung Cancer Day helps raise awareness about this disease and its impact on people’s lives. It’s also a time to learn more about how cancer affects the whole body, not just the lungs.

In this article, we will focus on the mouth, explaining how oral health is affected during different stages of lung cancer and why dental care is important during  treatment.

What are the lung cancer stages?

Doctors divide lung cancer into stages, each showing how far the cancer has spread. Lung cancer stages are five, from 0 to 4: 

• Stage 0 (in-situ): when the cancer is very small. It is only on the top layer of the lung or airway. It has not yet spread.
• Stage 1: the cancer is only in one part of the lung. It has not yet spread to the lymph nodes. It can be a small tumor (Stage 1A) or a little bigger (Stage 1B).
• Stage 2: The cancer is still in the lung, but it may have spread to nearby lymph nodes. It is usually a larger tumor. It has not spread to other organs.
• Stage 3: The cancer has spread more. It may be in the middle of the chest or more lymph nodes. It is divided into 3A, 3B, and 3C, depending on how far it has spread.
• Stage 4: This is the most serious stage. The cancer has spread to other parts of the body, like the bones, brain, or liver. This is called metastasis.

As the stages go up, the cancer grows more serious. Each stage can affect the mouth and oral health, especially during treatment.

How can lung cancer affect my mouth?

When you are undergoing treatment for lung cancer or other types of cancer, your oral health may suffer. Side effects from medicine, radiation, or a weak immune system can lead to issues like dry mouth, sores, and infections.

Let’s look at why this happens and its impact.

Are the mouth problems from the cancer or the treatment?

Most of the mouth problems come from the treatment, not the cancer itself. 

In some cases, if the cancer spreads to your head, neck, or lymph nodes, you may feel pain or pressure around your mouth or jaw.

Also:

• Some cancer medicines lower white blood cells that help fight infections.
• Radiation can damage the saliva glands, which causes dry mouth and more cavities.

What are the side effects of lung cancer treatment?

Lung cancer is usually treated with:

• chemotherapy
• radiation therapy
• special medicines (like targeted therapy or immunotherapy)

These treatments help fight cancer, but they can also cause problems in the mouth. 

The side effects may change, depending on the lung cancer stage. In the early stages, these side effects may be mild; but, in later stages when the treatments are often stronger, your body becomes weaker. This can lead to more oral problems.

Common side effects include:

• dry mouth (xerostomia)

Treatment can reduce your saliva flow. With less saliva:

• • It’s harder to chew, swallow, or talk.
  • Your mouth feels sticky or dry.
  • You have a higher chance of getting cavities and infections.

• mouth sores and infections

Some treatments cause painful sores inside your mouth or throat.

• • These can make it hard to eat or drink.
  • A dry or sore mouth also lets bacteria grow faster, which can lead to infections

• gum problems

It’s easier to develop gum disease; your gums may become:

• • red
  • swollen
  • bleed easily

This is called gingivitis. If untreated, it can become periodontitis, a serious infection that can cause tooth loss.

• tooth problems

You may notice: 

• • new cavities
  • tooth sensitivity
  • bleeding when brushing or eating

If you have had dental problems, they may get worse during cancer treatment.

• change in taste

Food may taste different or strange, which can make it hard to enjoy meals or feel hungry.

• jaw pain or stiffness

Radiation or certain medicines can cause pain or tightness around the jaw.

These oral side effects can affect your daily life. If you notice similar problems, talk to your doctor, nurse, or dentist, especially if you are in an advanced lung cancer stage. Getting help early will protect your mouth and help you feel better.

Why does the immune system matter?

Cancer and its treatment can make your immune system weaker. This means your body can’t fight off germs as well as it could before.

With a weak immune system:

• Mouth infections can become serious.
• Gum disease can spread.
• Healing takes longer.

It’s important to report any signs of infection to your doctor or dentist right away.

Does nutrition affect the mouth?

Yes, many people with lung cancer:

• lose their appetite
• feel sick when eating
• struggle to eat well

Poor nutrition can cause:

• weaker gums and teeth
• a higher risk of tooth decay
• gum infections (like periodontal disease)

Eating soft, healthy foods and drinking plenty of water will help protect your mouth.

What if I used to smoke?

Smoking is one of the main causes of lung cancer, but it also damages your mouth. It can lead to:

• gum disease
• tooth loss
• bad breath
• yellow teeth
• oral cancer

If you already have these problems, cancer treatment may make them worse. Stopping smoking helps, but even if you quit, your mouth is still at a higher risk than someone who has never smoked.

Why is the dentist important during lung cancer treatment?

Lung cancer treatment can last many months, and when going through any of the stages, your body and mouth face many changes. For this reason, not only are medical check-ups important, but dental visits are essential.

At Channel Islands Family Dental Office, we understand your situation; we are here to support you every step of the way. 

What is interdisciplinary cancer care?

Doctors who treat cancer (oncologists) often work together with other health experts. This is called interdisciplinary care, and dentists are a key part of the team.

Some dentists have special training to help cancer patients. They include:

• Oncology dentists: experts in how cancer treatments affect the mouth.
• Periodontists: specialists who treat gum problems.
• Prosthodontists: help with tooth replacements if you lose teeth.

Together, they help protect your oral health before, during, and after cancer treatment.

What can a dentist do before treatment?

If you have a diagnosis of lung cancer, no matter the stage, visiting a dentist before starting the treatment is highly recommended. The dentist can:

• do a deep cleaning to remove harmful bacteria
• fix broken or infected teeth
• offer special mouth rinses or toothpaste
• teach you how to protect your mouth during treatment

This lowers the risk of infections, pain, or complications later on.

What about during treatment?

Throughout the different lung cancer stages, you may experience side effects like dry mouth, mouth sores, or gum bleeding. A dentist will help manage these symptoms with a personalized care plan. 

This plan usually includes good hygiene habits, dietary tips, and special products to use at home.

Hygiene tips

• Brush gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Use fluoride toothpaste to protect your teeth.
• Rinse with an alcohol-free mouthwash to avoid irritation.

Healthy habits

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• Avoid spicy, salty, or acidic foods if you have mouth sores.
• Sip water frequently to keep your mouth moist.
• Do not smoke or drink alcohol during treatment.
• Choose soft, easy-to-chew foods to reduce discomfort.

Home care products:

• Use saliva substitutes if your mouth feels dry.
• Ask your dentist about special gels or rinses to soothe mouth sores.

It’s important to visit your dentist every few months during cancer treatment. If you notice new sores, bleeding, or pain in your mouth, tell your doctor or dentist as soon as possible.

How can local dentists help you?

If you live in Ventura, Newbury Park, Oxnard, Port Hueneme, or Santa Paula, we are here to help.

Channel Islands Family Dental Office works with patients who are going through cancer treatment. We understand your needs and provide:

• gentle cleanings
• pain-free treatments
• help with dry mouth and gum problems
• coordination with your cancer doctors

We believe that everyone deserves a healthy smile, even during hard times.

Book your appointment today. Let us help make oral care part of your recovery plan.

Conclusion

The different lung cancer stages can affect more than just the lungs; the mouth can also suffer. Symptoms like dry mouth, infections, and pain are common during treatment.

You don’t have to face this alone. Dentists are an important part of a cancer care team. With the right support, you can protect your smile, ease any discomfort, and improve your quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What happens to my mouth during lung cancer treatment?

Lung cancer treatment can cause dry mouth, sores, infections, or gum bleeding. These side effects make it harder to eat, speak, or stay comfortable.

What’s the best mouthwash for cancer patients?

Use alcohol-free mouthwash. Your dentist may recommend one with soothing ingredients that protect your mouth without irritating it.

Why is my mouth dry during lung cancer treatment?

Dry mouth is a common side effect of cancer drugs. They affect your saliva glands and slow saliva flow, which can make eating and talking harder.

References

1. American Lung Association. (2025, June 2). Lung cancer staging. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/symptoms-diagnosis/lung-cancer-staging 

2. Itohara, C., Matsuda, Y., Sukegawa, T. Y., Sukegawa, S., Furuki, Y., & Kanno, T. (2020). Relationship between Oral Health Status and Postoperative Fever among Patients with Lung Cancer Treated by Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare, 8(4), 405. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/405

3. National Cancer Institute. (2024, October 15). Oral complications of cancer therapies. NIH. Cancer.gov. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq 

4. WebMD. (2025, March 30). How lung cancer affects your oral health. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-oral-health 

5. Yano, Y., Abnet, C. C., Roshandel, G., Graf, A., Poustchi, H., Khoshnia, M., Pourshams, A., Kamangar, F., Boffetta, P., Brennan, P., Dawsey, S. M., Vogtmann, E., Malekzadeh, R., & Etemadi, A. (2024). Dental health and lung cancer risk in the Golestan Cohort Study. BMC Cancer, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-11850-5